This paper examines the agrarian history of the post-Mughal sultanate of Mysore (1761-1799)in south-western India. The introduction touches upon some of the main geo-climatic and technological conditions as well as the agrarian edifice of the Mughal and post-Mughal era. It then surveys a) Mysore’s principle geographic and demographic characteristics, followed by a study of b) Mysore’s landed property relations, c) the impact of the Muslim rulers Haidar ‘Ali (r. 1761-1782) and especially Tipu Sultan’s (r. 1782-1799) measures of centralization in the rural districts of Mysore as well as d) Tipu’s Regulations (1786) and state-led agrarian development plan. The last three subchapters enquire into d) the conditions and living standards of Mysorean peasants, e) the sultanate’s level of agrarian productivity and, lastly, f) Mysore’s potentialities for agrarian capitalist development and rural industrialization in the context of the “great divergence” between “core regions” of Europe and Asia.