As has long been recognized, the monumental founder of the philosophic arts and sciences in the Arabic-speaking world was al-Fārābī (256–339 AH/CE 870–950). His rearticulation of Classical Philosophy made the architectonic or organizing science of all the sciences what he called “humane” or “political philosophy.” Al-Fārābī’s Humane Philosophy was intentionally comprehensive, aiming to be true to all of human experience. It included inquiry into opinions and experiences gained through the senses, through publicly inherited sources of wisdom, through subconscious but powerful longings and affections, through the rational arts such as music and poetry, through opinions and experiences gained from the religious sciences of jurisprudence and Qur’ānic theology, and through philosophic science. Al-Fārābī avoided unnecessary abstraction. One of his introductory treatises on Humane Philosophy, the Five Aphorisms—which I present here—is an influential exposition, criticism, and elaboration of Aristotle’s philosophic arts and sciences, introducing them into the complex world of Islamic civilization. Written in a learned aphoristic style, the five rhetorical masterpieces beautifully condense the foundational inquiries of philosophy. Al-Fārābī addresses a perennial epistemological topic: How do we come to know the nature of love, justice, belief, and human happiness, and how can we evaluate our experience of each?